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Advanced Data Structures By Puntambekar Pdf 16
Total pelvic exenteration (PE) is a radical operation, involving en bloc resection of pelvic organs, including reproductive structures, bladder, and rectosigmoid. In gynecologic oncology, it is most commonly indicated for the treatment of advanced primary or locally recurrent cancer. Careful patient selection and counseling are of paramount importance when considering someone for PE. Part of the evaluation process includes comprehensive assessment to exclude unresectable or metastatic disease. PE can be curative for carefully selected patients with gynecologic cancers. Major complications can be seen in as many as 50% of patients undergoing PE, underscoring the need to carefully discuss risks and benefits of this procedure with patients considering exenterative surgery.
The first cases of total PE were described by Brunschwig in 1948 as a palliative procedure for symptoms caused by locally advanced gynecologic cancers. This demonstrated proof of concept for PE, with a postoperative survival of up to 8 months, and a 23% surgical mortality rate [1]. Subsequent data demonstrated that the technique could offer a chance of cure for centrally located tumors, not just palliation, and the focus of the surgery shifted to one of curative intent. Various surgical approaches both for sparing uninvolved pelvic organs and removing extraperitoneal structures such as the sacrum were attempted. Major breakthroughs included separate stomata for urine and fecal diversion and the use of omentum to protect the empty and denuded pelvic space and reduce abscess formation and intestinal obstruction [2, 3]. More recently, techniques to resect tumor involving the pelvic sidewall, previously a contraindication to PE, have been described offering more patients a chance at curative surgery [4]. PE may also be combined with intra-operative radiation therapy for improved disease control at the pelvic sidewall or possible positive margins [5, 6].
PE is a radical operation, involving en bloc resection of pelvic organs, including reproductive structures, bladder, and rectosigmoid. In gynecologic oncology, it is most commonly indicated for the treatment of advanced primary or locally recurrent cancer. Patients need to be carefully selected and counseled about risks and long-term issues related to the surgery. A comprehensive evaluation is required in order to exclude unresectable or metastatic disease. Total PE is associated with significant surgical morbidity, a fact that underscores the importance of careful patient selection and counseling. The emergence of minimally invasive surgery and application of this technology to radical pelvic surgery including PE may result in a reduction operative morbidity and mortality. Further studies are necessary prior to a widespread adoption of this technology to exenterative procedures. 2ff7e9595c
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